This tendency was also found in the non-vaccinated group, with 12 of the 16 cows having colostrum showing as negative for the BRSV ELISA antibodies. colostrum sourced from vaccinated cows (14 vaccine calves) or non-vaccinated cows (14 control calves) and were challenged with BRSV at 21 days of age. We showed that maternal immunity to BRSV provides a significant reduction in the clinical signs of BRSV in calves, especially for severe clinical forms. This protection was correlated with reduced BRSV detection in the lower respiratory tract but not in nasal swabs, indicating an absence of protection against BRSV nasal excretion. Finally, transcriptomic assays in bronchoalveolar lavages showed no statistical differences between groups for chemokine and cytokine mRNA transcriptions, with the exception of the overexpression of at days 6 and 10 post-challenge, and a severe downregulation of at day 3 post-challenge, in the vaccine group. Keywords: BRSV, vaccination, cattle, colostrum, maternal immunity, BRD 1. Introduction Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), recently referred to as bovine orthopneumovirus [1], is an enveloped, non-segmented, negative-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Orthopneumovirus genus, within the Pneumoviridae family. This virus is usually often involved in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) outbreaks, alone or in combination with other respiratory pathogens [2]. As BRD accounts for considerable economical losses and reduction SK1-IN-1 in SK1-IN-1 cattle welfare [3,4], prevention is currently used that is based on biosecurity, husbandry management, and/or vaccination. Vaccination against respiratory viruses, including BRSV, bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (BPI3), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and, in some contexts, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is indeed considered a key management strategy to minimize the mortality and economic losses associated with BRD in young calves [5,6,7,8]. Since BRD occurs most often in the first weeks of life, calves are, in general, vaccinated at a very young age while the maternally derived antibodies are still present. Extensive investigation into the BRSV vaccination of calves in the presence of maternal antibodies has been performed [5,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. Often, the vaccination SK1-IN-1 of calves in the face of maternal antibodies does not result in seroconversion because maternally derived immunity interferes with the activation of adequate antibody responses to vaccination. On the other hand, maternal antibodies do not suppress the priming of the humoral and cellular immune system after vaccination, as indicated by rapid systemic and mucosal IgA responses after a challenge or secondary contamination [11,13,14,15,17,18,19,20]. Several factors, including age, level of maternal immunity, type of vaccine, and route of administration (for review, see [5,8]) may affect the outcome of vaccination, potentially resulting in a lack SK1-IN-1 of clinical protection and/or increased risk of virus shedding [5,10,12]. An alternative approach to protecting the calf early in life is the vaccination of the pregnant dam to achieve higher and more homogenous levels of antibodies in the colostrum and, consequently, in calves [21,22]. Epidemiological or experimentally induced contamination studies have shown that although maternal antibodies do not prevent BRSV contamination, they do reduce the signs of acute clinical disease during the first months of life [5,6,7,8,21,22,23,24,25]. Conversely, there are only a few experiments investigating the efficacy of vaccinating dams to protect calves from BRSV via maternal antibodies in the first weeks of life. One study showed that colostrum from vaccinated dams, as a FGD4 source of passive immunity, strongly reduced the severity of the clinical signs and the gross and microscopic lung lesions when calves were challenged with BRSV very early, on days 3C6 of life [24]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the passive protection afforded by colostrum from cattle that were vaccinated prepartum with an inactivated combination vaccine against BRSV, bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPI3), and (nationally licensed trade name: Bovilis? Bovigrip, batch number A075A01 (02762002), MSD Animal Health, Rahway, NJ, USA), spaced one month apart, following the manufacturers recommendations (5 mL via subcutaneous injection in the neck). The vaccine administration was timed in such a way that the second injection of the vaccine was given one month (36C27 days) prior to the expected calving. The cows in the second group were not vaccinated. The serological status of the cows was followed using an ELISA and SN from the sera collected at each vaccination date and just before calving. The absence of natural BRSV contamination was checked by the absence of seroconversion of non-vaccinated cows and by the absence of direct BRSV detection by.
This tendency was also found in the non-vaccinated group, with 12 of the 16 cows having colostrum showing as negative for the BRSV ELISA antibodies
January 28, 2025 by edrc2013
Previous articleThese data display that NKT cells usually do not affect the original creation of IgM or change to IgG3 in response to stimulation with T-independent antigen, but do stimulate IgG1 creationNext article After three washes with PBS-T, wells were blocked with human gamma globulin (Jackson ImmunoResearch) diluted 1:500 in 1 DPBS, followed by incubation with Qdot-labeled mAbs diluted 1:1000 in DPBS 1 for 1?h at 37?C