also demonstrated that persistent HPV DNA in oral rises was just detected in another of eight HPV-associated OPC patients without medically residual disease after treatment [40]. the existing need for HPV DNA recognition in plasma and dental rinse samples, aswell as serum HPV antibody amounts, can be examined. 0.00001, and HR, 4.26; 95% CI, 3.26C5.57; 0.00001, respectively) [5]. Wang Ancarolol et al. reported a higher pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA level was connected with poorer general success (= 0.0295) and relapse-free success (= 0.0163) [6]. Furthermore, the rest of the post-treatment plasma EBV level was carefully connected with poorer general survival ( 0.0001) and relapse-free survival ( 0.0001) [7]. Based on these findings, clinical studies investigating the significance of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with residual plasma EBV DNA are ongoing. 1.2. Other EBV-Associated Malignant Tumor Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is another well-known EBV-associated head and neck malignancy. Lei et al. first reported that plasma EBV DNA was a useful tumor marker for Ancarolol the diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prediction of outcomes in patients with ENKL [8]. Suzuki et al. showed that pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA was detected in 14 (44%) of 32 patients with ENKL [9]. On the other hand, Wang et al. reported that pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA was detected in 58 (84%) of 69 stage I and stage II ENKL patients, which was higher than the results of previous studies [10]. Suzuki et al. also showed better 3-year overall survival in patients who were negative for pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA than those who were positive for it [9]. Similarly, patients with low pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA showed better 3-year overall survival and 3-year progression-free survival than those with high pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA (97% vs. 66% and 79% vs. 52%, respectively) [10]. Furthermore, patients who were positive for post-treatment plasma EBV-DNA showed poorer 3-year overall survival and 3-year progression-free survival than those who were negative for post-treatment plasma EBV DNA (92% vs. 70% and 78% vs. 51%, respectively) [10]. These results indicate that plasma EBV DNA can be a biomarker not only of NPC but also of ENKL. 2. Human Papillomavirus as a Causative Agent Not Only for Cervical Cancer, but also for Oropharyngeal Cancer Head and neck cancer has typically been diagnosed in older patients, in association with the heavy use Ancarolol of tobacco and alcohol [11]. On the other hand, it has become apparent that human papillomavirus (HPV) is a principal cause of a distinct form of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) [12]. The incidence of head and neck cancer is slowly declining globally, in part because of decreased use of tobacco [11,13]. Conversely, cases of HPV-associated OPC are increasing, predominantly among younger people in North America and northern EuropeChaturvedi et al. showed that the HPV prevalence in OPC patients significantly increased from 16.3% in the 1980s to more than 72.7% in the 2000s in the United States [11,14]. With an increasing incidence of HPV-positive OPC, the projected annual number of OPC patients has surpassed that of cervical cancer patients since 2010 [6,14]. On Ancarolol the other hand, HPV has been recognized as a causative agent of cervical cancer. Currently, this strong association is clinically applied to two very effective prevention strategies for cervical cancer: cervical screening with primary HPV testing and vaccination against HPV [15]. In 2020, it was proven for the Rabbit Polyclonal to CDCA7 first time that quadrivalent HPV vaccination was associated with a substantially reduced risk of invasive cervical cancer at the population level among Swedish girls and women aged from 10 to 30 years old [16]. On the other hand, the effectiveness of prophylactic HPV vaccination is less well defined for OPC than for anogenital and cervical cancers [11]. From the perspective of cervical cancer screening, cytology-based screening programs.
also demonstrated that persistent HPV DNA in oral rises was just detected in another of eight HPV-associated OPC patients without medically residual disease after treatment [40]